What does hyperplasia theory refer to in muscle development?

Hyperplasia theory in muscle development specifically refers to the concept of splitting existing muscle fibers, which leads to the formation of new muscle fibers. This process is distinct from hypertrophy, where muscle size increases due to individual muscle fibers growing in size. The hyperplasia process suggests that under certain conditions, particularly intense or prolonged resistance training, the number of muscle fibers can increase, potentially contributing to greater muscle mass and strength.

This theory is more controversial and less universally accepted compared to hypertrophy, which has a stronger empirical backing. While hypertrophy is commonly observed in resistance training outcomes, the notion of hyperplasia remains a topic of research and discussion among fitness professionals and sports scientists. Hyperplasia may play a role in ensuring muscle adaptability under certain physiological conditions, such as extreme overloads in training or specific anabolic states. Thus, understanding hyperplasia adds complexity to the overarching topic of muscle adaptation and development.