What characterizes DOMS?

Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) is characterized by gradual soreness that typically develops 24 to 48 hours after engaging in intense physical activity, especially if the body is not accustomed to that level of exertion. This phenomenon often occurs following eccentric exercises, where muscles lengthen while under tension, leading to microscopic damage to muscle fibers. The body's natural inflammatory response to this damage contributes to the soreness felt during this period.

Understanding DOMS is essential for trainers as it can guide how to design workout programs, especially for clients who are new to exercise or returning after a break. Recognizing that the soreness peaks a day or two later can help trainers set appropriate expectations for their clients, emphasizing recovery and gradual progression in workout intensity.

In contrast to other options, immediate pain during exercise typically indicates an injury rather than DOMS. Chronic pain signifies an ongoing issue that may require medical evaluation and intervention, while variations in muscle soreness related to hydration might affect performance but do not specifically define the phenomenon of DOMS.